by michael daigle · 9 Jan 2024
Table of Contents
Have you ever walked into a hardware store and felt overwhelmed by the sheer variety of paints? There are so many options - oils, latex, acrylics, primers, sealers - how do you even begin to choose? Don't worry, we've got you covered. In this article, we'll break down the major types of paint in a straightforward way. By the end, you'll understand the pros and cons of each kind and feel confident selecting the right paint for your next project. Whether you're looking to freshen up the walls in your living room or tackle an exterior house painting, you'll have the knowledge to pick out a product that will get the job done well. Let's dive in and demystify the world of paints together.
Introduction to the Main Types of Paint
There are several types of paint to choose from, each with its own properties and uses. The two most common are oil-based and water-based, also known as latex.
Oil-based paint
Oil-based paint contains solvents to dissolve and disperse pigments. It provides superior coverage in fewer coats and has a smooth, glossy finish. However, it has strong fumes, takes longer to dry, and requires the use of solvents for cleanup. It's best for trim, cabinets, and metal surfaces.
Latex or water-based paint
Latex paint uses water as a solvent and carrier, so it has barely any odor and cleans up easily with just soap and water. It dries quickly but may require an additional coat for good coverage. Latex paint works well for walls and ceilings.
Alkyd paint
Alkyd paint is oil-based but contains a synthetic resin that speeds up drying time and improves adhesion. It has a strong odor but less than regular oil-based paint. Alkyd paint is a good choice for doors, trim, and cabinets.
Chalk paint
Chalk paint is a latex paint with a matte, chalky finish. It adheres well to most surfaces without priming and provides good coverage in 1-2 coats. Chalk paint is popular for giving furniture and home decor a rustic, distressed look.
Enamel paint
Enamel paint is oil or latex-based paint with a glossy, durable finish. It contains varnish or polyurethane and is ideal for high-traffic, high-moisture areas like bathrooms, kitchens, doors, and trim.
In the end, the type of paint you choose comes down to the surface you want to paint and the look you want to achieve. Do some testing to find what works best for your project. With the wide range of paints available, you're sure to find one perfect for the job.
Oil-Based Paints - Features, Uses, and Considerations
Oil-based paints have been used for centuries and are known for their durability and vibrant colors. However, they do have some downsides to consider before using them in your home.
VOC Content
Oil-based paints contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can irritate your eyes, nose and throat, and may cause headaches or nausea. Make sure to ventilate and wear proper protective gear when painting indoors. The strong fumes can linger for days after application.
Long Dry Times
Oil-based paints can take 8-24 hours to dry completely and up to 7-14 days to cure fully. This means you'll need to block off more time to complete your project and be extremely careful not to touch surfaces for at least a day to avoid smudges. Plan your tasks carefully since you won't be able to do second coats or touch ups quickly.
Difficult Clean Up
The petroleum-based solvents in oil paints require the use of harsh chemicals like paint thinner to clean brushes and spills. Proper ventilation and protective gear are a must, and disposal of used solvents requires special handling. For easier cleanup, consider a natural bristle brush that can be cleaned with just soap and water.
Limited Colors
While oil paints do produce rich, deep hues, the options are more limited compared to newer paint types like latex. Some colors may need to be custom mixed, and oil-based primers are typically only available in a few basic shades of white and gray.
With the proper safety precautions and patience, oil-based paints can achieve an unmatched depth of color and durable finish. But for many DIYers and professionals, the benefits of water-based latex or acrylic paints now far outweigh the downsides. The choice is yours!
Water-Based Latex Paint - When and Why to Use It
Latex paint is a popular water-based paint used for interior walls and ceilings. It’s a great all-purpose paint that can handle most DIY projects. Here are some of the benefits of latex paint:
- Easy to clean up with just soap and water. No need for harsh chemicals.
- Dries quickly, usually within 30 minutes. You can do two coats in a day.
- Minimal odor. Latex paints are low-VOC, releasing few volatile organic compounds that can irritate your eyes and respiratory system.
- Provides good coverage in one or two coats.
Latex paint works well for:
- Walls and ceilings. It’s ideal for giving new life to living rooms, bedrooms, and hallways.
- Trim and doors. Use a latex primer first for the best results.
- Furniture like bookshelves, tables, and chairs. Latex paint provides a durable finish for wooden furniture.
Some downsides to latex paint:
- It's not very durable or scratch-resistant. Latex paint can chip or scratch more easily than oil-based paint.
- It may not adhere well to glossy surfaces. Rough up the surface first with sandpaper.
- Exterior latex paint has a shorter lifespan and may need reapplying every 5-10 years.
For the best results with latex paint:
- Clean and lightly sand the surface. Remove any grease or grime and rough up glossy areas.
- Apply a primer for bare or stained wood. Latex primer helps the paint adhere better.
- Use a brush to paint trim and edges, then roll the walls.
- Apply two coats, waiting 2-4 hours between coats.
- Clean your brushes and rollers with soap and water right after painting.
With the right prep, latex paint can give you an attractive durable finish for your walls, ceilings, trim and furniture. For most DIY interior projects, it’s a user-friendly and budget-friendly choice.
Other Common Paint Types - Alkyd, Enamel, and More
Beyond the basics of oil-based and water-based paint, there are a few other common types you’ll encounter. Let’s demystify them.
Alkyd Paint
Alkyd paint, also known as enamel paint, is a modified type of oil-based paint. It contains alkyd resins that make it dry faster and harder than regular oil paint. Alkyd paint is a good choice for trim, cabinets, and other surfaces that need a durable finish.
Chalk Paint
Chalk paint is a decorative paint that contains calcium carbonate, giving it a matte, chalky finish. It adheres well to most surfaces without priming. Chalk paint is popular for giving furniture and home decor a rustic, distressed look. You can seal it with wax or lacquer for more protection.
Eggshell Paint
Eggshell paint has a soft, velvety sheen, like an eggshell. It’s easier to clean than flat paint but not as shiny as satin. Eggshell paint is a great choice for walls in living rooms, bedrooms and hallways. It helps hide minor imperfections while still appearing matte.
Satin Paint
Satin paint contains a bit more sheen than eggshell, giving walls a soft, subtle luster. It has the benefits of being moisture-resistant and easy to clean. Satin paint works well for bathrooms, kitchens, trim and cabinets. It helps reflect more light while still appearing mostly matte.
Gloss Paint
Gloss paint is highly reflective, giving it an ultra-shiny finish. It contains the most resin and least pigment of these paint types. Gloss paint is extremely durable and moisture-resistant but shows imperfections. Use it for doors, trim, cabinets and high-traffic areas that need frequent cleaning.
The world of paint may seem complicated, but once you understand the different types and their uses, you’ll be able to choose the perfect paint for any project with confidence. Focus on sheen, durability and washability to determine what’s right for your needs.
How to Choose the Right Paint Finish - Flat, Eggshell, Satin, Etc.
Choosing a paint finish depends on the look you want and how much durability you need. The finish determines the sheen or gloss of the paint, ranging from no sheen at all to high gloss. Here’s a quick guide to the most common options:
Flat or Matte
A flat finish has no sheen and absorbs light, hiding surface imperfections. It’s a popular choice for ceilings and walls. However, it isn’t very durable or washable. Flat paint may require more frequent touch-ups.
Eggshell
Eggshell has a soft, velvety sheen that provides a hint of depth. It resists stains better than flat paint and is washable. Eggshell is a great all-purpose finish for walls, ceilings, and trim.
Satin
With its smooth, lustrous sheen, satin paint has a luxurious look. It’s more durable and moisture-resistant than flat or eggshell, making it ideal for high-traffic, high-humidity areas. Satin is a perfect choice for doors, windows, trim, and cabinets.
Semi-Gloss
Semi-gloss paint has a medium sheen and provides good durability and stain resistance. It’s easy to clean and stands up well to moisture. Use it for doors, cabinets, trim, and areas that need frequent wiping down. Semi-gloss shows surface imperfections, so it may require an extra coat of primer.
Gloss or High Gloss
Gloss paint has a high sheen that provides the most durability. It resists stains, moisture, and scratches, and is very easy to clean. However, the shiny surface amplifies imperfections. Gloss paint is best for high-use trim, cabinets, doors, and bathrooms.
The level of sheen is a matter of personal taste, but also consider the function of the surface. A durable, washable finish may be better for some areas. Test different finishes to determine what level of sheen is right for your needs. With the range of options, you’re sure to find a paint finish that’s a perfect match!
Prep Work - Proper Surface Preparation for Any Paint Job
Before starting any paint job, proper surface preparation is key. It will ensure maximum adhesion and the best results. Whether you’re painting wood, drywall, metal or concrete, take the time to clean and lightly sand the area.
Cleaning
Wipe down the surface with a damp rag to remove any dirt or debris. For stubborn stains, use a degreaser or solvent. Rinse thoroughly with water and let dry completely. This step is especially important for areas in kitchens or bathrooms where grease and grime build up.
Light Sanding
Lightly sanding rough areas will provide “tooth” for the new paint to grip onto. Use fine-grit sandpaper (around 220 grit) and sand in small circles. Wipe away dust with a tack cloth. For shiny surfaces like enamel or laminate, sanding is required for paint adhesion.
Patching Imperfections
Inspect the area for any cracks, holes or imperfections and patch them. Use caulk, spackle, wood filler or concrete patch compound depending on the surface. Let patching compound dry completely as directed before painting.
Priming
For the best results, apply a primer to any bare wood, drywall or metal. Primer helps paint adhere better to surfaces. It may also require fewer coats of paint to achieve an even finish. Choose a primer specifically for the surface you want to paint.
Protecting Surfaces
Use painter’s tape to protect trim, windows, doors, baseboards and any adjacent surfaces. Apply tape before priming or painting and remove as soon as you’re done. Tape left on too long can damage the surface when removed.
With the proper prep, your paint job will look smooth and professional. Take your time—it will be well worth the effort! By cleaning, lightly sanding, patching imperfections, priming where needed and protecting other surfaces, you’ll ensure a long-lasting paint finish and a room you’ll be proud of.
Application Methods and Tools for Various Paint Types
When it comes to applying different types of paint, having the right tools and techniques for the job is key. The application method and tools you use will depend on whether you're using oil-based, latex, enamel or chalk paint.
Oil-based paint
For oil-based paint, you'll need natural bristle brushes, a paint tray, and paint thinner for cleaning up. Oil paint has a strong odor, so proper ventilation and a respirator mask are must-haves. Apply with a brush, using smooth, even strokes. Let each coat dry completely between applications.
Latex or acrylic paint
Latex or acrylic paint requires synthetic bristle brushes, a paint tray and water for cleanup. It has a milder odor than oil paint and dries much faster. Use a brush to apply, with light, even coats. Rollers can also be used for large, flat areas. Let the paint dry for at least 2 hours between coats.
Enamel paint
Enamel paint needs high quality synthetic brushes, paint tray, paint thinner and patience! Enamel has an extremely glossy finish but takes a long time to dry. Apply thin coats with a brush, waiting 24 hours between applications. The long drying time means dust has more opportunity to stick to the finish, so work in a dust-free area.
Chalk paint
Chalk paint requires natural bristle brushes, wax or sealant, and water for easy cleanup. It has a matte finish and rough, porous texture. Apply 2-3 coats of chalk paint with a brush, waiting just 30 minutes between applications. Once dry, apply wax or sealant to provide durability.
As you can see, the specific qualities of each paint type call for different tools and techniques to get the best results. But with the proper preparation and patience, you'll be applying any paint like a pro in no time!
Caring for Painted Surfaces - Cleaning, Touch-Ups, and Maintenance
Once your paint job is done, it’s important to properly care for the new painted surfaces to keep them looking their best. Here are some tips for cleaning, doing touch-ups, and maintaining your painted walls, trim, and more.
Cleaning Painted Walls
Gently wipe down walls regularly with a damp, soft cloth to remove dust and grime. For stains, use a specialized wall cleaner or a mixture of water and white vinegar. Avoid harsh abrasives, as they can dull the paint finish and leave scratches.
Touching Up Minor Imperfections
Inevitably, there may be some small flaws in your paint job that need minor touch-ups. Use a small angled brush to carefully dab matching touch-up paint over any pinholes, cracks, or other imperfections. For larger areas, you may need to do a second coat. Make sure the new paint blends in seamlessly with the surrounding area.
Fixing Drywall Damage
If damage to the underlying drywall is visible through the paint, you’ll need to patch it before repainting. Apply drywall joint compound over holes, dents or cracks using a putty knife or drywall knife. Lightly sand the area, prime, and paint to match. For severe damage, you may need to replace entire drywall sections.
Protecting Trim and Doors
Painted trim, doors, cabinets and baseboards also need care. Wipe them down regularly with a damp cloth to prevent buildup of grime, which can chip the paint. Re-paint or touch up trim and doors every few years to maintain coverage and an even sheen. Use painter’s tape to protect them when repainting adjacent walls.
Maintaining a Fresh Appearance
In high-traffic areas like hallways, you may need to clean walls and do minor touch-ups every 3-6 months to keep them looking freshly painted. Repaint about every 5-7 years before the paint starts to fade or show signs of wear and tear. Use a high quality paint for the most durable results.
With regular cleaning and minor maintenance, your new paint job will continue to look as perfect as the day it was finished. Keeping on top of small imperfections and repairing any damage right away will help ensure many years of enjoyment from your home’s new painted surfaces.
Understanding Paints FAQ - Your Top Questions Answered
You probably have a lot of questions when it comes to paint. What are the differences between oil and latex paint? What sheen should I choose? How long does paint last? We’ve got the answers.
Oil vs. Latex Paint
The two most common types of paint are oil-based and latex (also called acrylic) paint. Oil-based paint contains solvents to dissolve the paint pigments, and it takes longer to dry. It provides better coverage in fewer coats but has strong fumes and requires the use of solvents for cleanup.
Latex or acrylic paint is water-based, so it has a mild odor and cleans up with just soap and water. It dries faster than oil-based paint but may require an extra coat for good coverage. Latex paint is a good choice for exterior house paint or interior rooms. For trim, doors, and cabinets, oil-based paint is often preferred for its durability.
Sheen Options
Paint comes in different sheens, from flat to glossy. Flat paint has the least sheen and glossy paint, like semi-gloss, has the most. Choose a sheen based on how much light and durability you need. Flat paint hides imperfections best but isn’t scrubbable. Eggshell has a soft sheen and stands up to light cleaning. Satin is durable and moisture-resistant, good for bathrooms and kitchens. Semi-gloss is very durable and ideal for trim. Glossy paint shows imperfections but is extremely durable.
How Long Does Paint Last?
On average, you can expect new paint to last:
• Exterior house paint: 7-10 years
• Interior walls (latex): 5-10 years
• Trim/doors (oil-based): 7-15 years
• Cabinets (oil-based): 10-15 years
The exact lifespan depends on factors like sun/weather exposure, humidity, traffic, and quality of the paint. For the best results, clean, lightly sand, and prime any surfaces before painting. Apply at least two coats of high-quality paint, and maintain with periodic touch-ups.
Final Thoughts
So there you have it, an easy guide to understanding the different types of paint and which ones are best for your next project. Whether you're looking to refresh your living room with a new coat of latex or planning to repaint the exterior of your house, now you can walk into the hardware store with confidence. No more staring blankly at the wall of options, unsure of the differences. You've got this! Pick out your sheen, grab your brushes and rollers, and get to work making your space exactly what you want it to be. The results will be well worth the effort. Happy painting!