Painting Historic Buildings: Tips for Preserving Your Heritage Home

Have you been itching to freshen up your historic home with a new coat of paint? Before you bust out the brushes, there are a few things you'll want to consider. Your Victorian manor or Craftsman bungalow has been around for generations, so you'll want to make sure any changes you make preserve its original character. The last thing you want is for your DIY project to damage the historic architecture or decrease the value of your property. The key is to do your research, choose high-quality and historically-accurate supplies, and take things slow. With the right approach, you can give your heritage house a bright new look without compromising its history or charm. Keep reading for tips on how to paint your historic building the right way.

Assessing the Existing Paint on Your Historic Home

Assessing the existing paint on your historic home is an important first step. Check all exterior surfaces for signs of damage or deterioration. Look for cracking, peeling, blistering or chalking paint. Inspect wood siding and trim for rot or water damage. Identify any areas in need of minor repairs or replacement before painting.

Take note of the current paint color and sheen. For the most authentic restoration, you'll want to match the original style as closely as possible. Do some research into popular paint colors and brands used when your home was constructed. Flat, satin or eggshell paints with historic color palettes are good options for older homes.

Test different areas of existing paint to determine the composition. Older coats are often lead-based, while more recent ones may be latex or oil-based. For the best adhesion, the new paint should be compatible with the existing type. Lead-based paint requires special precautions, so consider consulting an expert.

Check the condition and type of primer, if any. Proper priming provides a solid base for new paint to adhere to. For bare wood or if the existing primer is failing, apply a primer designed for the surface material before painting.

Once you've assessed the current state of your home's exterior paint and made any necessary repairs, you'll be ready to start the fun part - picking out a new color scheme and applying fresh paint! With some patience and the right techniques, you'll have your historic home looking as good as new in no time.

Selecting Appropriate New Paint Colors for a Heritage Property

Selecting new paint colors for a historic home requires careful consideration. You want to choose colors that complement the architectural details and era of your home. At the same time, you don’t want the colors to seem drab or dull.

Tips for Choosing Colors

Research the time period your home was built in to determine popular colors of that era. Earthy reds, forest greens, and sky blues were common in Victorian homes, for example. For an arts and crafts bungalow, nature-inspired colors like sage green, terra cotta, and ochre yellow work well.

Consider the architectural details. Colors that highlight decorative trim, millwork, and accents like stained glass will make these focal points pop. On the other hand, choosing a color too similar to the trim color will make these details disappear.

Look to your home’s surroundings for inspiration. The colors of nearby foliage, flowers or natural materials like stone can provide complementary hues for your home’s exterior. Just be sure to choose a slightly deeper, richer shade for the main color.

Aim for a balanced color scheme. Having too many bright colors, or colors that are too similar in tone, can seem chaotic or washed out. Choose one dominant, darker color for large areas like siding or shingles, a secondary mid-tone color for details like windows and trim, and an accent color for doors or shutters.

Test your color choices before committing. Buy small samples of your top choices and paint them on your home’s exterior in inconspicuous spots. Live with them for a few days to see how they look in different types of light and weather. Finding the perfect color combination is worth the effort to get it right!

With some research and experimentation, you can find colors that highlight your historic home’s best features while giving it a fresh new look. Take your time - your home has been standing for generations, so choosing the ideal color palette is well worth the investment.

Choosing the Right Type of Paint for Historic Buildings

When painting historic buildings, the type of paint you choose is extremely important. The wrong paint can damage the original materials and ruin the historic character of the building.

Oil-based paint

For most historic exteriors, oil-based paint is the best option. It expands and contracts with temperature changes similarly to original materials like wood siding or metal. Oil-based paint is also more durable and fade-resistant. However, it does have strong fumes and takes longer to dry. Make sure to ventilate and avoid painting in extreme heat.

Latex or acrylic paint

For interiors, latex or acrylic paint works well. It’s water-based, low-odor, and dries quickly. However, it may not adhere as well to surfaces like plaster. Do a test patch first. For exteriors, latex paint can work on some materials like stucco or concrete, but may not flexibly adhere to wood or metal siding.

Primers

For the best results, always apply a primer first, especially when changing from an oil-based to a latex paint. Primer helps the new paint adhere better to the surface. For historic materials like plaster or wood, use an oil-based primer. For masonry like brick or stucco, a latex primer is fine.

Sheens

For most historic buildings, a satin, eggshell or semi-gloss sheen works well and provides some protection. Glossy paints look uneven on textured surfaces. Flat paint offers little protection from the elements.

Color selection

Choose a color appropriate for the building’s architectural style and time period. Historic color palettes are available to guide your choice. Get paint chips and test the colors on your building to see how they look in natural light before committing.

By selecting the proper type of paint and sheen for your historic building's materials and style, you'll help preserve its character for years to come. With some care and consideration of the options, you can give your old home a fresh coat of paint without compromising its heritage.

Prepping and Repairing Surfaces on Older Structures

Prepping and repairing surfaces on older homes requires special care and consideration. The materials and techniques used in historic buildings were quite different than today, so you’ll need to take extra precautions.

Inspect for Damage

Closely inspect the exterior for any damage or deterioration before painting. Look for cracks, holes, water damage or insect infestation and repair as needed. Use putty, caulk, wood filler or concrete patch compound to fill in small imperfections. For larger repairs, you may need to replace damaged wood siding, trim or masonry. It’s best to hire a professional for major structural repairs.

Clean Thoroughly

Clean the entire surface to remove built-up grime, mildew and loose paint. For wood siding, use a detergent and scrub brush, then rinse well with a hose. Avoid using a pressure washer, as this can damage the wood. Scrub brick or stone with a stiff brush and masonry cleaner. Rinse concrete thoroughly. Allow all surfaces to dry completely before painting.

Lightly Sand Rough Surfaces

Lightly sand any rough or uneven areas to provide “tooth” for the new paint to adhere to. Wipe away dust with a tack cloth. Be very careful sanding wood siding, as it can damage the surface. Avoid sanding masonry surfaces which may cause the surface to deteriorate.

Prime Bare Surfaces

Apply a primer to any bare wood or masonry before painting. For wood, use an oil-based primer. For masonry, apply a primer specifically meant for concrete, stucco or brick. Let the primer dry as directed. Additional coats of primer may be needed for porous surfaces.

By properly inspecting, cleaning, repairing and priming historic building materials before painting, you'll help ensure your heritage home retains its character and lasts for generations to come. Take your time—rushing the prep work will only lead to poor results and the need to repaint sooner. Patience and care are key.

Using Proper Painting Techniques for Historic Homes

When painting a historic home, proper techniques are key to preserving its character. Use these tips to get the job done right.

Choose a historically appropriate paint

Select a paint specifically meant for older buildings. These breathe better and have the right sheen and color palette. For exteriors, consider oil- or alkyd-based paints. For interiors, go with acrylic or latex. Get paint colors matched to the time period. Check places like shutters, porches or attics for original colors.

Prepare the surface thoroughly

Scrub away loose paint and debris. Fill any cracks or holes and sand rough areas. For exteriors, consider pressure washing. Prime bare wood or patched areas. Old lead paint needs special precautions, so call in a professional.

Use the right tools and technique

Use high quality natural bristle brushes for the best finish. Rollers can work for large, flat areas. Apply at least two coats, waiting for each to dry as directed. Brush in the same direction as the wood grain using even, overlapping strokes. For trim like windows or railings, use a steady hand and patience.

Protect the finished surface

Once dry, apply a clear topcoat like polyurethane to seal and protect the new paint, especially for high-traffic or outdoor areas. Re-treat every few years to maintain protection.

Consider repainting in sections

For large projects, work in sections so you don’t get overwhelmed. Start with priority areas like the front entrance or shutters. Finish one section before moving to the next. This makes the work more manageable and prevents the new paint from drying before you’ve smoothed out brushstrokes.

Taking the necessary time and care to research, prepare and properly repaint a historic building will help ensure many more years of beauty and enjoyment. Your patience and hard work will pay off in preserving an important piece of architectural heritage.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Painting Heritage Buildings

When painting a historic home, there are some common mistakes that can permanently damage your property's character. Avoid these errors at all costs!

Using modern paints

Don't use standard latex or acrylic paints on heritage buildings. These modern paints don't allow moisture to pass through the walls and can trap water inside, leading to rot and decay. Always use breathable paints made specifically for older homes, like limewash or milk paint.

Failing to prep properly

Proper surface preparation is key. Clean, scrape, sand, and patch any damaged areas before painting. Old, loose paint should be removed to provide "tooth" for the new paint to adhere to. Failing to prep will result in peeling paint and a shoddy finish.

Ignoring cracks and holes

Inspect the entire building for any cracks, holes or gaps and seal them before painting. Water and weather can enter through even tiny openings, causing damage inside walls and attics. Caulk, wood filler, and masonry sealants can remedy most issues.

Not priming

Always prime bare wood and masonry before painting. Priming helps the new paint bond strongly and last longer. For the best protection, use a primer designed specifically for the surface you're painting, such as wood, masonry or metal.

Using dark colors

Dark paint colors should typically be avoided on heritage buildings, especially on wood siding. Dark hues absorb more heat, which can warp and crack the wood. They also show more signs of wear and tear over time. Stick to lighter, historically-appropriate colors.

DIY-ing difficult areas

Some parts of historic homes require expert work to paint properly and safely. Areas like multi-story heights, decorative trims, and ornate architectural details should be left to professional painters experienced with heritage buildings. Their skills and proper safety equipment will protect you, your home, and its historic character.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you'll ensure your heritage home retains its historic charm and lasts well into the future. With the proper paints, preparation, and techniques, you can preserve your home's character for generations.

Hiring Qualified Contractors for Historic Preservation Projects

When hiring contractors to work on your historic home, it’s crucial to find professionals with experience in historic preservation. General contractors, painters, carpenters and masons may lack the proper training, expertise and sensitivity required for heritage properties.

Look for contractors specifically certified in historic preservation. They will understand the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and how to protect the historic integrity of your home. They can properly repair or replace historic features and select paint colors, materials and techniques suited to your home’s era.

Ask for References

Don’t just take a contractor’s word that they have experience with old homes. Ask to speak with previous clients who own historic properties. Find out if the contractor showed respect for the home’s architecture and original materials. Did their work meet high standards for quality and workmanship? Were they responsive, on time and within budget?

Review Their Portfolio

A portfolio of a contractor’s previous historic preservation projects will give you the best sense of their skills and esthetic. Look for homes similar in age, style and construction to your own. Pay attention to details like properly repaired or replaced woodwork, high-quality paint jobs in period-appropriate colors, and masonry repairs that blend in. If their portfolio is lacking, keep looking.

Discuss Your Home’s Needs

Explain your home’s history and architecture to ensure the contractor understands what makes it historically significant. Discuss any areas in need of repair or restoration and your goals for the project. An experienced preservation contractor will recommend appropriate treatments, materials and methods tailored to your home. They can also suggest ways to improve energy efficiency while maintaining the building's character.

By taking your time to find the right contractor, you'll ensure the best results for your historic home. The end result will be work that not only preserves your heritage, but enhances it for generations to come.

Balancing Preservation and Personal Style in a Historic Home

When it comes to updating a historic home, balancing preservation and your own personal style can be tricky. On one hand, you want to maintain the character and integrity of the original architecture. On the other, you need your home to function for modern living and reflect your unique taste. Here are some tips to help you achieve the perfect balance:

Focus on non-permanent changes first.

Start with simple swaps that can easily be undone, like new light fixtures, hardware, or a fresh coat of paint in a historically appropriate shade. These small touches make a big impact but don’t damage the existing structure. You can always change them again in the future.

Choose timeless over trendy.

Opt for high-quality, classic pieces that will stand the test of time versus anything too conspicuously modern. A clawfoot tub, farmhouse sink, or coffered ceiling, for instance, nod to the past but remain stylish today.

Retain original architectural details.

Preserve and restore details like crown molding, hardwood floors, built-in cabinets, and leaded or stained glass windows. They lend historic charm and character that would be near impossible to replicate.

Add vintage-inspired accents.

Incorporate accessories, furnishings, and decor inspired by the era of your home. Vintage signs, botanical prints, oriental rugs, and refurbished antiques blend the old and the new.

Consider an addition for modern function.

If more living space is needed, build an addition using similar materials, scale, and design to complement the existing structure. Connect it in a way that’s reversible, avoiding changes to exterior walls or the roofline. An addition allows you to have a modern kitchen or family room without compromising period details.

With some restraint and respect for the original craftsmanship, you can design a historic home that’s functional, stylish, and honors its heritage—all at the same time. Focusing on small details, choosing high-quality and versatile furnishings, and making non-permanent or reversible changes are the keys to balancing preservation and personal style. Your historic abode can highlight the best of many eras, past and present.

Painting Historic Buildings FAQ: Your Top Questions Answered

Your historic home is a treasure, but keeping up with maintenance requires diligence. Painting, in particular, demands careful consideration to preserve original details while freshening facades. Here are answers to common questions about painting heritage buildings.

What type of paint should I use?

For exterior surfaces, use premium acrylic latex paints formulated for historic buildings. They provide maximum protection from weathering while allowing moisture to escape. For trim and accents, alkyd enamel paints offer durability. Always choose a breathable paint in a satin or eggshell sheen. Glossy paints look unnatural and seal surfaces too tightly.

Should I stick to the original color scheme?

Color choice depends on your home’s architectural style and era. For Victorian Gothic Revival, deep, rich hues like forest green, burgundy or navy are typical. For Craftsman bungalows, earthy colors like sage green, brick red or ochre complement the style. When unsure, check with local historic preservation groups for guidance. They may have records of your home’s original colors.

How do I prep and prime the surface?

Proper surface preparation is key. Clean surfaces of loose paint and grime, then prime any bare wood or masonry. For previously painted surfaces in good condition, a primer may not be needed. Lightly sand glossy areas to provide “tooth” for the new paint. any chipping or peeling paint should be scraped and spot primed before painting.

How do I paint architectural details?

Use a high quality angled brush to paint detailed areas like eaves, railings, and trim. Remove hardware like doorknobs before painting, then reinstall once dry. For peaked surfaces like turrets, work from top to bottom using extension handles on paint rollers and brushes. Paint accent colors before the main color for easiest edging and neatest results.

How often should I repaint?

As a general rule, repaint every 5 to 8 years. Check surfaces regularly for signs of paint failure like blistering, cracking or peeling and repaint before severe damage occurs. With proper preparation and premium paints, historic homes can achieve maximum longevity between repainting. But don’t delay if existing paint is deteriorating, as this accelerates decay of the wood or masonry underneath.

Regular maintenance with high quality, breathable paints tailored to historic buildings will keep your heritage home looking its Sunday best for generations to come. With patience and care, you’ll preserve its original character while protecting it from the elements.

Final Thoughts

So there you have it, some tips and tricks for tackling a paint job on your historic home. While it may seem like a daunting task, if you do your research, use quality materials suited for the job, and take your time, you'll end up with results that make you proud and preserve your home's character. At the end of the day, maintaining the integrity and beauty of your historic house is rewarding. You'll be able to stand back, look at your freshly painted historic gem, and know you did right by the craftsmen of the past while making it shine for the future. Keep at it and you'll be enjoying your historic home, and passing the preservation torch, for years to come.